Beautiful Vortex

In this Youtube a DC radial ion current, in an axial magnetic field creates a rotating fluid current of vortex.



From motors and generators HSC

or F = i l B Sin(Theta).  Here the X or cross product is a more advanced way of saying the force is a right angles to both the current and the field (Right hand slap rule)

Now looking at this situation, the deeper your beaker, the more spread out your current or the same current pushes a larger mass of water. So a shallower beaker will have a more dramatic effect.

A smaller central electrode will mean a higher central current.

A laminated core will just increase the magnetic field through the device.

You can use an AC current if the magnetic field also alternates and is suppled by a solenoid. This is a form of a "Universal Motor". With AC there is no bubbles produced.

An electric field in an liquid with ions will produce gas. The aNode is negative having excess electrons meaning H⁺   H⁺   converts to H₂ which leaves with the extra electrons.