Spinning Metals make Magnets

I have this sense of calm in the chaos as I methodically go through the distant reaches of Einstein's work and add another dimension to understanding the limitations, which map fairly squarely with the limitations with people arriving into science. Teachers are wised up on the simple particle classical model that Einstein used. They don't come face to face with limitations that begat quantum mechanics as they connect with a constructed vibe of the golden age of Science where a few personalities filled the set of a pantheon of a mystic 'vibe'.

Working through, Einstein and de Hass measured the push given to a spinning pendulum and got an answer consistent with classical theory of tiny little point electrons whirring around their atoms, which was a push a factor of two higher than the amount that would be predicted by quantum mechanics. Now it turns out that Einstein and de Haas put in a result twice as high as further experiments and quantum mechanics wrapped pretty well every thing up. Later the standard model produced a sea of virtual particles that enhanced the effect by a further 0.1%.

Poor Albert was not to know, but things have taken on an almost religious feel and this chapter does not make the news. Its true and so vital to getting our baring in the new science. I hear peoples reaction about the show must go on, but upon humble reaction we don't have a show to watch, reputations to protect and culture to prop up. We have a universe to understand and come to terms with.

Now there is a principle that if A causes B then B could cause A or there is something else to understand. In the case of Faraday and his field lines, this indeed leads to their unraveling and the emergence of Maxwell's light and Einstein's insight. This symmetry thinking lead to test for Aether, a search in vain. We found that we were looking for something else, and that something else was the full picture of a non-Euclidean universe that left school graph paper and gave us mind bending contraction, and the humble electric motor.

In this case if a Magnetic field could induce a spin recoil could the spinning something up produce a magnetic field. Barnett from 1907 thought it could, and heroically showed it could. He got the right answer, but disturbingly it was not the Einstein answer. Even to day people would use cultural engineering to say that Barnett would have to be wrong or we would have to write do Disney to rewrite the cultural stereotypes we are addicted to.

When it comes to science, what a difference 100 years make! Aerospace technology, bearings so divine, high pressure air (even for drying your hands after abolition) and wonder materials that make super magnets and mobile phones super.

Go to your periodic tables and find gadolinium. It a rare earth that means it will react in hot water not cold. It is in F block, some 14 elements wide. Your periodic table probably has 15 which is wrong. If you are okay with wrong things you will probably get along with a lot of people in public relations. If not, be prepared to have people tell you that you don't fit in day after day.

It is in F block, and this element is the absolute rebel element of the periodic table. It has 7 pair boxes for its 8 outer shell electrons. The would be 6 single electrons for making magnetic fields and 2 in a pair box. That is 6, one less that Europium that just has seven. But remember this is the rebel element, so what does it do? It grabs a D block box and lays out all its electrons 7 f and you wont believe it 1 d. Rebel. But respect seriously respect, this is going to out do the trends and do one better. It is the famous element teachers fear. In the staff room:

"I was doing the trends lesson and disaster.."
"No they didn't, they wouldn't, they did..."
"Yep they use gadolinium, first they mumbled it, then I said what did you say, what did you say!?"

Lucky for most people we haven't told them of electron affinity.

Now getting back to excellent Japanese research "Barnett effect in paramagnetic states" 2015 in Phys Rev B. We not only have some spinning Gd going from 1500 revs a second, down to 1000, 500 and zero....and then onto -500, -1000, -1500. We have the temperature effect of Gd that begins to melt away at body temperature and beyond.

The control was convincing, but for me it was the temperature effect that almost brought tears to my eyes as I read it. It is now left for me to go on and contemplate the absolute groundedness of the rotation frame of reference of the universe.

This is a long post to check my typing practice.


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